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KMID : 1124020140300020067
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Korean Social Security Studies
2014 Volume.30 No. 2 p.67 ~ p.90
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Welfare Policy Preference in South Korea: Growth versus Redistribution and Targeting versus Universalism
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Kim Soo-Wan
Kim Sang-Jhin
Kang Soon-Wha
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Abstract
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This study examined welfare policy preference in South Korea, focusing on two dimensions of ‘Growth versus Redistribution’ and ‘Targeting versus Universalism’. On the research questions such as, ‘Are contemporary Koreans growth oriented or redistribution oriented?’ ‘Do they prefer targeting welfare policy or universalism welfare policy?’ ‘Who are growth oriented as well as who prefer universalism welfare policy?’ ‘Which type of welfare policy is most preferred?’, this study analysed quantitatively using the 5th wave of Korean Welfare Panel data (2010). The main results are as follows. First, more Koreans prefer universal policy (50%) rather than targeting (35%), while the ratio of the growth-oriented and that of the redistribution-oriented show almost the same frequencies. Second, there is no correlation between ‘growth/redistribution orientation’ and ‘targeting/universalism preference’. Third, among six independent variables, political ideology and income level affect the orientation of growth/redistribution while age and education affect the preference of targeting/universalism. Fourth, when generating four welfare policy types using two dimensions, frequencies of each type, i.e, ‘Liberal Market type(growth/targeting oriented)’, ‘Redistribution type(redistribution/ targeting oriented)’, ‘Social Protect type(redistribution/universalism oriented)’, ‘Growth-Universalism type’, do not shows much differences. Fifth, age effect exists as older people have the more targeting- and growth- orientedness, but class cleavage is not found as those with low education also prefer targeting welfare policy and growth. Finally, those who are males, younger, higher educated, higher incomers, conservative, and not economically active in labor market tend to be included in the ‘Growth-Universalism type’.
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KEYWORD
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Welfare attitudes, Welfare Policy Preference, Growth and Redistribution, Selectivism, Universalism
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